Understanding speaker-listener interactions
نویسنده
چکیده
We provide an eclectic generic framework to understand the back and forth interactions between participants in a conversation highlighting the complexity of the actions that listeners are engaged in. Communicative actions of one participant implicate the “other” in many ways. In this paper, we try to enumerate some essential relevant dimensions of this reciprocal dependence.
منابع مشابه
منطق گفتگو و غزل عرفانی
The logic of conversation is based on the speaker (I) , the hearer (you) and the referrent (He). It can take three forms: 1. the speaker talks to the listener about the referrent 2. The speaker talk about the listener to the listener 3. The speaker talks about himself to the listener. The present Paper elaborates on these issues and explains how this logic takes shape in mystical lyrics. The mo...
متن کاملPrediction of Visual Backchannels in the Absence of Visual Context Using Mutual Influence
Based on the phenomena of mutual influence between participants of a face-to-face conversation, we propose a context-based prediction approach for modeling visual backchannels. Our goal is to create intelligent virtual listeners with the ability of providing backchannel feedbacks, enabling natural and fluid interactions. In our proposed approach, we first anticipate the speaker behaviors, and t...
متن کاملCommon Ground and the Understanding of Demonstrative Reference
Suppose a speaker gestures toward four flowers and asks a listener, "How would you describe the color of this f lower?" How does the listener infer which of the four flowers is being referred to? It is proposed that he selects the one he judges to be most salient with respect to the speaker 's and his common ground-the i r mutual knowledge, beliefs, and suppositions. In a field experiment, it w...
متن کاملCulture and Gaze Direction in Conversation
This study examined whether culture plays a role in gaze and mutual gaze behaviours in simulated doctor/patient conversations. Participants were 40 Canadians and 40 Chinese who formed 40 dyads in four experimental conditions: Canadian speaker/Canadian listener, Chinese speaker/Chinese listener, Chinese speaker/Canadian listener, and Canadian speaker/Chinese listener. All conversations were vide...
متن کاملThe Ontogenetic Selection of Verbal Capabilities: Contributions of Skinner’s Verbal Behavior Theory to a More Comprehensive Understanding of Language
I describe how Skinner’s (1957) Verbal Behavior and subsequent research that extended his theory contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of language with regard to the ontogenetic selection of verbal behavior. A large corpus of research has shown the applied utility of the theory for inducing verbal behavior in children missing certain verbal capabilities and developmental cusps. Othe...
متن کامل